Immigrant settlement patterns, transit accessibility, and transit use

Public transit is immensely important among recent immigrants for enabling daily travel and activity participation. The objectives of this study are to examine whether settle in areas high or low accessibility how affects mode share. This analyzed via a novel comparison two gateway cities: Sydney, Australia Toronto, Canada. We find that both cities, have greater levels public jobs, on average, than the overall population, but geography immigrant settlement more suburbanized less clustered around commuter rail Toronto Sydney. Using logistic regression models with spatial filters, we significant positive relationships between patterns share commuting trips, after controlling other socio-economic factors, indicating an increased reliance by immigrants. Importantly, sensitivity analysis, these effects greatest peripheral suburbs rural areas, risks transport-related social exclusion due insufficient service.